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The Stages of Change Model

The Stages of Change model is a widely recognised framework that illustrates the process of overcoming addiction. While applicable to various behaviours that people may want to change, it is particularly well known for its role in treating addictive bahaviours.


The model consists of four main stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation and action. Additionally, the stages of maintenance and relapse are included as part of the cycle, acknowledging that recovery is often not linear. Individuals may progress through the stages in a circular pattern, and it is common to move backward, forward, or even experience multiple stages simultaneously.


The first stage, pre-contemplation occurs when a person does not yet see their behaviour as problematic. This may be because they have not yet faced the negative consequences of addiction or are in denial about its severity. Individuals at this stage are often unreceptive to advice or warnings about their addictive behaviours. However, as negative consequences become more evident, they may move into the next stage.

In the contemplation stage, individuals begin to reflect on their situation, considering whether they should quit their addictive behaviour or moderate it. At this stage, people are generally more open to hear about the potential risks and explore various strategies to manage or quit. Despite this growing awareness, many remain in this stage for an extended period before making a commitment to change.

The preparation stage marks a shift toward planning and taking steps to implement changes. This may involve setting goals, identifying triggers, or seeking support for overcoming addiction. It is a critical phase where the individual develops a concrete plan for how to move forward.

The action stage is where real change happens. During this phase, individuals actively work to reduce or quit their addictive behaviours. This can be a challenging and stressful period, but with the right preparation and support, it can also bring about significant personal growth. Effective stress management strategies are essential at this stage to ensure long-term success.


The maintenance stage involves sustaining the changes made in the action phase, whether through continued abstinence or by maintaining a reduced level of addictive behaviours. This stage can be difficult, particularly when faced with stressful situations that may trigger a return to old habits. Therefore, learning new ways to cope with stress is vital for long-term recovery.


Finally, the relapse stage acknowledges that setbacks are a common part of the journey toward recovery. Lapses and relapses may occur before a person reaches sustained maintenance. Often, individuals only fully understand what overcoming addiction entails after experiencing several relapses.


stages of change model. Iremia Counselling


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